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AI-enabled remote cardiac monitoring offers continuous data on heart activity, allowing for the early detection of arrhythmias, optimized treatment timing, and improved sleep-related heart health management.
Sleep is often considered the body’s "reset button." During sleep, the metabolism slows down, allowing energy to be conserved while important functions take place. Hormones are released to aid in muscle repair, while insulin sensitivity improves, helping regulate blood sugar levels. Sleep also supports the consolidation of memories and the removal of waste products from the brain. Additionally, sleep helps regulate hunger hormones like leptin and ghrelin, which influence appetite and energy, playing a key role in maintaining metabolic health.
For all these reasons, medical experts recognize that sleep is important. But its role in a person's overall wellness—particularly their heart health—is more significant than many realize.
Wearing AI-enabled smart devices could help better sleep quality. | Image credit: © wannathon | stock.adobe.com
This article dives into the unseen but critical connection between sleep and cardiovascular health and explores how the use of continuous remote monitoring can revolutionize the detection and treatment of sleep-related heart conditions.
Poor sleep doesn’t just make people groggy—it also puts their hearts at risk. During deep sleep, the heart rate slows and blood pressure drops, allowing the heart to recover from daily stresses.
A new study reveals that "catch-up" weekend sleep cuts heart disease risk by 19%—but insufficient sleep can still lead to cardiovascular problems.1 According to the American Heart Association, sleep deprivation disrupts the body’s recovery processes, leading to increased blood pressure and heightened levels of inflammation, which are major contributors to heart disease.2
Further, a study in the National Library of Medicine showed that individuals sleeping fewer than 6 hours per night were at a significantly higher risk of heart attack and stroke. Chronic sleep deprivation increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AFib), bradyarrhythmia, and other arrhythmias due to long-term stress on the cardiovascular system.3
Still, most sleep disorders remain lurking in the shadows. Patients often overlook the importance of reporting sleep disturbances, unaware of their sleep’s impact on other internal health systems. While an estimated 50-to-70 million US adults have a sleep disorder, many of these conditions remain undiagnosed.4
For millions of patients with sleep disorders, cardiovascular issues may accompany their sleep deficit. For example, bradyarrhythmia, a condition where the heart beats too slowly, is commonly associated with sleep disorders. Episodes of bradyarrhythmia may go unnoticed, but they increase the risk of fainting, fatigue, and heart failure over time. Poor sleep quality, especially with irregular sleep patterns, can exacerbate this condition, making it difficult to diagnose without continuous monitoring.
Another complication, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition where breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, forces the heart to work harder to compensate for oxygen deprivation. Each apnea event can cause a temporary drop in blood oxygen levels, leading to a surge in heart rate as the body struggles to stabilize. The combination of chronic oxygen deprivation and frequent heart rate fluctuations places immense strain on the cardiovascular system; people with untreated OSA are 2-to-4 times more likely to develop AFib and other arrhythmias than those without.5
Unfortunately, many sleep disorders require specialized tests like sleep studies (polysomnography) for diagnosis, which many patients avoid due to their inconvenience. In addition, when evaluation is limited to the clinical setting, it is hard to replicate normal sleep conditions.6 Fortunately, the advent of more advanced remote cardiac telemetry technology could help.
Many people use consumer wearables like smartwatches and sleep rings to track their sleep and vital signs, but there is a significant gap in acuity that must be filled for these tools to be considered clinically reliable. By building upon the convenience of these easy-to-use devices and coupling them with more advanced data acuity, we can make strides in the diagnosis of sleep-related cardiovascular conditions.
Sleep studies often pose challenges for diagnosing nighttime cardiac issues due to their tendency to be time-consuming and anxiety-inducing, particularly for those with sleep difficulties. Remote telemetry devices can assist clinicians to address this by providing continuous cardiac monitoring from a patient’s home during both awake and sleep hours. Remote monitoring solutions that can provide both sleep study capability and diagnostic arrhythmia detection, unlike one-night studies in a facility, would offer ongoing monitoring, allowing clinicians to gather more comprehensive data on heart activity and sleep patterns over time. This continuous monitoring detects abnormalities like oxygen drops and heart rate fluctuations, enabling early detection of arrhythmias like AFib and bradyarrhythmia, which are often worsened by poor sleep.6
Most powerfully, virtual telemetry can be coupled with artificial intelligence (AI)-powered analysis to transform large volumes of high-acuity data into instant clinical insight. Advanced AI algorithms process and interpret patient data in near real-time, identifying trends and providing clinicians with actionable information for more precise and personalized care.
Together, remote monitoring and AI-powered analysis are aimed at driving improved outcomes for both heart health and sleep-related disorders. One study reported that heart failure patients who used wearable devices to track their sleep patterns had a 25% reduction in hospital admissions for heart-related events compared to those receiving standard care.7
Stuart Long, CEO, InfoBionic.Ai
Stuart Long is the CEO of InfoBionic.Ai, a position he has held since March 2017. He underscores the company’s commitment to widespread market adoption of its transformative wireless remote patient monitoring platform for chronic disease management.
So far, we’ve established the strength of the heart-sleep connection and discussed how virtual telemetry and AI-powered analysis shed new light on the relationship between these 2 critical functions. But what does this look like in practice? And how can these technologies be used to improve outcomes for specific cardiac conditions? Let’s review 3 use cases.
Conditions like nocturnal AFib and bradyarrhythmia often escape detection in standard, time-limited electrocardiograms (ECGs), which tend to miss arrhythmias triggered by shifts between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. During REM sleep, the autonomic nervous system becomes more active, which can lead to increased heart rate variability and predispose certain patients to AFib or ventricular arrhythmias.
Virtual cardiac telemetry provides clinicians with continuous ECG data by using wearable sensors that monitor heart activity 24/7, including during sleep. By capturing data throughout the entire sleep cycle, it allows for the detection of nocturnal arrhythmias that may only occur during specific phases, offering a comprehensive view of the patient’s cardiovascular function.
Patients with OSA are at a heightened risk for AFib, heart failure, and hypertension due to repeated nocturnal hypoxia and sympathetic nervous system activation. In fact, nocturnal AFib is up to 4 times more prevalent in patients with OSA.7
Virtual cardiac telemetry, when combined with dedicated sleep study monitoring, can play a pivotal role in capturing the physiological effects of OSA on the cardiovascular system in near real-time, especially during events. This could enable clinicians a closer examination of how intermittent hypoxia during apnea episodes might affect heart rhythms, and whether arrhythmias are more likely to occur after episodes of oxygen desaturation. Providers can track patient response to positive airway pressure therapy by correlating improved oxygenation with reductions in arrhythmia frequency or severity, thus informing decisions on continuous positive airway pressure adherence or alternative treatments.
Continuous data streams also enable clinicians to assess whether to initiate or modify medications such as beta-blockers or anti-arrhythmic drugs, particularly in patients whose heart rate and rhythm vary during apneic episodes.
The circadian system plays a fundamental role in regulating cardiovascular functions, with heart rate and blood pressure naturally dipping during sleep. However, in patients with cardiovascular conditions like hypertension or AFib, this natural rhythm can be disrupted, contributing to non-dipping blood pressure or nocturnal arrhythmias.
Virtual cardiac telemetry enables clinicians to monitor patients in near real-time and to gain more insights that could include optimizing the timing of medications for improved therapeutic outcomes. For example, chronotherapy (timing medications in alignment with circadian rhythms) can be informed by data showing when patients are most vulnerable to arrhythmias or elevated blood pressure. This allows providers to adjust the administration of beta-blockers, antihypertensives, or anticoagulants to ensure optimal drug efficacy during sleep periods when cardiac events may occur.8
Additionally, research suggests that synchronizing the delivery of medications with specific periods of risk can significantly reduce the likelihood of adverse events, including stroke and myocardial infarction.8 Virtual cardiac telemetry provides the necessary data to inform these precision medicine approaches.
Sleep is more than just a time for rest—it’s a critical factor in cardiovascular health. By uncovering the hidden relationship between sleep patterns and cardiac indicators, remote cardiac monitoring offers the potential for earlier diagnosis, more personalized treatment, and better outcomes.
As remote monitoring technology evolves, AI-driven insights and wearable devices will play a pivotal clinical role. Finally, advanced diagnostics of sleep-related cardiac conditions will be possible outside the traditional sleep clinic, from nearly anywhere. Both patients and providers will rest easier as these sleep-related cardiac conditions are proactively identified and managed, helping to address one of the most overlooked contributors to cardiovascular disease.
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