Study: Oral Insulin Slows Metabolic Decline in Individuals at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

Oral insulin (OI) slows insulin decline in those at high risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), according to a poster session at the American Diabetes Association’s 80^th virtual Scientific Sessions.

The researchers wanted to assess whether OI metabolic declines after 1 year of treatment among highest risk relatives who participated in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT1) and TrialNet (TN) T1D prevention trials for OI. With a diagnosis of T1D as the endpoint, both OI trials were negative overall, yet the subgroup analyses suggested efficacy for those at high risk in each trial, according to the study authors.

The slowed metabolic decline among the OI trial participants at the highest risk was assessed and defined by the DPT1 Risk Scores over a 6.75 threshold (DPTRS; OGTT C-peptide and glucose, age, and BMI), above which T1D risk increases sharply as DPTRS increases.

The highest risk groups were seen in 73% in DPT1 and 89% in TN with 1-year OGTTs, 32% in DPT1, and 35% in TN. The area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide increased from baseline to 1 year in both OI groups, but not in the placebo groups, whereas AUC glucose increased more in the placebo groups than in the OI groups, according to the study authors.

In both trials, the 1-year AUC C-peptide/AUC glucose ratio was greater in the OI group than in the placebo group. For DPT1 and TN combined, or no interaction for treatment between trials, the p-value for the AUC ratio difference was <0.001 of those with DPTRS <6.75, the AUC ratio did not differ between OI and placebo.

REFERENCE

Sosenko J, Palmer JP, Haller M, et al. Slowed Metabolic Decline after Oral Insulin (OI) in Relatives at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). American Diabetes Association: 80^th Scientific Sessions: A Virtual Experience, June 12-16, 2020. https://plan.core-apps.com/tristar_ada20/abstract/f03e8c97-e04b-4e2d-aa97-202e2e13cb1e.