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RSV in Older Adults: Risks, Prevention, and the Pharmacist's Role
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Key Takeaways
- High-risk factors for severe RSV include asthma, COPD, heart failure, and older age, with significant hospitalization rates in adults over 65.
- RSV vaccines are 80% effective in preventing severe outcomes in adults over 60, yet vaccination rates remain low.
RSV poses a significant threat to high-risk adults, but effective vaccines offer strong protection, highlighting the need for increased vaccination rates and education.
Supportive care is often the only option for individuals infected with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), emphasizing the large focus on prevention among high-risk adults. Pharmacists and health care providers play a crucial role in educating high-risk patients on signs and symptoms of RSV to ensure they receive proper care if infected.1
Medical personnel holding negative test of RSV Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Image credit: MargJohnsonVA | stock.adobe.com
High-risk features that are more susceptible to severe RSV include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and older age. Previous research has demonstrated that an estimated 159,000 RSV hospitalizations occur each year in the US among adults aged 65 years and older.2 Additionally, prior studies have suggested that 82% to 90% of hospitalizations observed within 28 to 30 days of RSV diagnosis in adults were linked to acute respiratory infections—a leading cause of severe outcomes among high-risk individuals.3
According to data published in The Lancet, older adults that are hospitalized with RSV are 2 to 3 times more likely to need supplemental oxygen and are 1.5 times more likely to be admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) compared with individuals hospitalized for other respiratory infections. This population also faces an increased risk of mechanical ventilation or death.3,4
“When high-risk people do become infected, no medical treatments are a home run to help them recover,” Albert Shaw, MD, PhD, of Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, said in an interview with MedPage Today.1
The CDC currently recommends a single dose of any of the FDA-approved RSV vaccines—RSVPreF3 (Arexvy; GSK), RSVpreF (Abrysvo; Pfizer), and mRNA-1345 (mRESVIA; Moderna)—for all adults 75 years and older, along with individuals aged 60 to 74 years who are at increased risk of severe illness.1,3
Staying up to date on RSV vaccinations are essential preventive care measures that could reduce severe outcomes caused by RSV among high-risk individuals. Study results previously demonstrated that RSV vaccines were 80% effective in preventing hospitalization, ICU admission, and death among adults 60 years and older. Additional effectiveness was matched across individuals 75 years and older and individuals who are immunocompromised; however, vaccine rates remain low.3,4
Treatment with RSV antiviral agents such as ribavirin (Virazole; Bausch Health) offers additional supportive care for high-risk individuals and older adults who are hospitalized due to RSV infection.4 However, “the benefits are not entirely clear and come with associated toxicity,” Shaw added.1,5
Although the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recently released updated guidelines that replaced the previous suggestion of shared clinical decision-making, the pharmacist's role in vaccine uptake and RSV education remains essential.6
“Physicians should explain to high-risk patients that if they become infected, they need to be mindful and careful about how they are feeling and keep their doctor up to date,” Angela Branche, MD, of the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, said in an interview with MedPage Today.1
As the first point of care for many patients, pharmacists can ensure high-risk individuals are aware of preventive and supportive care that can aid severe RSV outcomes. A proactive approach emphasizing vaccination, coupled with monitoring and timely communication between patients and health care providers, is crucial to mitigate the impact of RSV in vulnerable populations.
REFERENCES
1. What Can Be Done for Severe RSV Cases in Adults? MedPage Today. News release. Published December 20, 2024. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://www.medpagetoday.com/spotlight/rsv/113488
2. Ferruggia K. Pharmacy Times. Study Results Show 1 in 20 Adults With RSV Are Hospitalized. News release. Published November 25, 2024. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/study-results-show-1-in-20-adults-with-rsv-are-hospitalized
3. Ferruggia K. Pharmacy Times. Researchers Highlight Need for Increased RSV Vaccination. News release. Published November 7, 2024. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/researchers-highlight-need-for-increased-rsv-vaccination
4. Real-world effectiveness studies of the benefit of RSV vaccines. The Lancet. News release. Published October 2024. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673624021500?via%3Dihub#bbib12
5. Ferruggia K. Pharmacy Times. The Role of Antivirals in Managing RSV Infections. News release. Published January 27, 2025. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/the-role-of-antivirals-in-managing-rsv-infections
6. Ferruggia K. Pharmacy Times. New ACIP Recommendations for RSV Vaccines Aim to Solve Challenges With Shared Clinical Decision-Making. News release. Published August 30, 2024. Accessed February 14, 2025. https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/new-acip-recommendations-for-rsv-vaccines-aim-to-solve-challenges-with-shared-clinical-decision-making
