Direct-acting Antivirals Show Real World Efficacy in HCV/HIV Coinfection

The effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients co-infected with HIV in the small, observational studies that applied strict eligibility criteria has been reexamined in "real-world" settings.

"Observational studies of DAA therapy reported comparable SVR (sustained virologic response) rates among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and HCV-monoinfected patients, but less is known about real-word treatment outcomes in those with psychiatric disorders or active substance abuse," explained Nina Kim, MD, MSc, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, and colleagues.

"DAA effectiveness needs to be examined specifically in these key high-risk patient groups who face ongoing barriers to HCV treatment," Kim and colleagues asserted.

The potential obstacles that coinfection poses to achieving comparable beneficial outcomes from DAA treatment were described by Jake Scott, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Kara Chew, MD, MS, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA.

"HIV and HCV co-infection is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes, largely due to the effects of HIV infection on the natural history of HCV," Scott and Chew indicated. "HIV infection is associated with higher rates of HCV replication and therefore higher levels of HCV viremia, although the clinical implications of the increased HCV viremia are unclear."

In their examination of outcomes of HCV treatment in co-infected patients across 8 regional clinics, Kim and colleagues considered high baseline viremia, in addition to a range of other potential risk factors for suboptimal treatment adherence and response, including cirrhosis, prior treatment experience, obesity, diabetes, and mental health and drug use disorders.

The investigators identified 536 co-infected patients who had received DAA treatment in the period between February 2014 to October 2017. The median age was 55 years; 79% were men, 59% were black; 24% had cirrhosis; and 17% were interferon-treatment experienced.

The study cohort was found to be similar to other HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated at the clinics in this time period, in relation to age, sex, race, HIV risk factor, baseline CD4 count, and the prevalence of mental health and substance use diagnoses. The predominant HCV genotype infection was 1a, and the DAA treatment regimens were consistent with those recommended during that timeframe for the particular genotype.

Kim and colleagues reported that SVR was attained in 96.5% of the patient population. They noted that patients who were black, treatment-experienced, or cirrhotic all achieved SVR rates >95%; as did those with depression and/or anxiety, and/or illicit drug use or alcohol use disorder (95.4% to 96.8%).

The only factor associated with lower SVR rates was early discontinuation of treatment, but the investigators were unable to identify any baseline factors, such as demographic, HIV-specific, or liver-related, that distinguished the patients who did not adhere to the treatment regimen.

"Our findings are consistent with the high SVR rates reported in registration trials of DAA agents and suggest not only that these treatments are quite robust in real-world settings, but that HIV status does not adversely impact treatment outcomes with all-oral regimens as it had with interferon-based therapy," Kim and colleagues reported.

"Together, these data support the shift away from considering patients with HIV-HCV coinfection a special 'treatment-refractory' population," they concluded.

The study, “Effectiveness of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients in Routine Clinical Care: A Multicenter Study,” was published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases.

This article was originally published by MD Magazine.